Legionary Heavy Shields

The legionary heavy shield, also known as the "scutum," was a large, convex shield used by the Roman legions. It was typically made of wood, often with a concave shape and a metal rim. The scutum was designed to protect the legionnaire from arrow and spear attacks, and was usually carried in a horizontal position, allowing the soldier to use it as a shield and a barrier.

The scutum was described by the Roman historian Polybius as being "of a size and shape such as to allow the man to completely surround himself with it." This suggests that the scutum was large enough to provide comprehensive protection for the legionnaire, and was designed to be used in conjunction with a pilum (Roman javelin) to create a wall of shields.

According to Plutarch, the scutum was "so large and so heavy that it was almost impossible to carry." This may have been due to the fact that the scutum was made of wood, which would have been heavy and prone to bending. However, the scutum was an essential part of the Roman legionnaire's equipment, and its use was widespread throughout the Roman Republic.

As the Roman historian Vegetius described, the scutum was "a shield of an oval shape, with a convex surface and a narrow handle, made of wood, often with a metal rim." This suggests that the scutum was designed to be used in a variety of situations, from defensive formations to mobile warfare.

The scutum was an iconic symbol of the Roman legion, and its design and use continued to influence military equipment for centuries.

Author's note: The legionary heavy shield was a crucial part of the Roman legion's equipment, providing comprehensive protection for soldiers in battle. Its design and use evolved over time, reflecting changes in military tactics and technology.

BITS OF WAR — 2025-11-23

Legionary Heavy Shields

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